摘 要

随着印染、纺织行业的日渐蓬勃发展，活性染料产用量同时不断增长，因而带来的染料废水污染问题急需解决。膜分离技术因具有效率高、能耗低、过程简单、操作方便、不污染环境等诸多优点而得到广泛的关注。在诸多膜分离技术中，纳滤膜因具有特殊的荷电性能和膜孔径分布而能够分离不同价态离子和小分子有机物，在饮用水除硬度、制药和生化领域的小分子产品浓缩等方面均有广泛应用。纳滤是一种以压力差为驱动力的膜过程，已广泛应用于水处理相关领域。其孔径、分离性能和操作压力通常介于超滤和反渗透之间，纳滤膜主要有三个特点：操作压力较低；一般分为荷正电纳滤膜、荷负电纳滤膜和双极膜；孔径介于0.5-2 nm。利用纳滤膜处理废水，具有低能耗、低成本、高效率、易控制和规模化生产等诸多优点。本实验以聚醚砜为原料，将其璜化后与添加剂、溶剂等共混成铸膜液制得基膜，用层层自组装的方法制备高通量，高截留率的荷电纳滤膜。

关键词：聚醚砜、磺化、层层自组装、荷电纳滤膜

Preparation of hydrophilic charged nanofiltration membrane

ABSTRACT

With the flourishing development of printing and dyeing and textile industry, the amount of reactive dyes is increasing at the same time. Membrane separation technology has attracted wide attention due to its high efficiency, low energy consumption, simple process, convenient operation, and no pollution to the environment. In many membrane separation techniques, nanofiltration membranes can separate valence ions and small molecule organics with special charge properties and membrane pore size distribution, and are widely used in the field of drinking water in the fields of hardness, pharmaceutical and biochemical products. Nanofiltration is a membrane process driven by pressure difference. It has been widely used in water treatment related fields. Its pore size, separation performance and operating pressure are usually between ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis. The nanofiltration membrane has three main characteristics: low operating pressure; generally divided into charged positive nanofiltration membrane, negative nanofiltration membrane and bipolar membrane, and the pore size is in the range of 0.5-2 nm. Using nanofiltration membrane to treat wastewater has many advantages, such as low energy consumption, low cost, high efficiency, easy control and large-scale production. In this experiment, polyethersulfone was used as the raw material, and the membrane was mixed with additives and solvents, and the high flux and high interception membrane was prepared by self assembly.

Key words: Polyethersulfone、Huang Hua,、layer by layer self-assembly、charged nanofiltration membrane

目录

1文献综述 1

1.1纳滤膜综述 1

1.1.1纳滤膜材料 1

1.2纳滤膜的研究现状 2

1.3荷电纳滤膜的分离机理 5

1.4荷电纳滤膜制备工艺 7

1.4.1相转化法 8

1.4.2界面聚合法 9

1.4.3涂覆法(coating) 10

1.4.4表面接枝改性(graft polymerization) 10

1.4.5荷电化法 11

1.4.6层层自组装法 11

1.5荷电纳滤膜的应用 12

1.6纳滤膜污染机理 13

1.7纳滤膜亲水改性 14

1.8本论文研究目的及意义 15

2实验部分 17

2.1实验原理 17

2.2实验原料及设备 17

2.3实验步骤 18

2.3.1磺化聚醚砜的制备 18

2.3.2 磺化度的测定 18

2.3.3铸膜液的制备 19

2.3.4层层自组装法制备复合膜 19

2.4表征与测试 19

2.4.1磺化度测试 19

2.4.2傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR、ATR-FTIR） 20

2.4.3 表面水接触角： 20

2.4.4 纳滤性能： 20

3.实验结果与分析 22

3.1磺化度随时间、温度的变化关系 22

3.2红外光谱图分析 26

3.3接触角测试 28

3.4纳滤性能分析： 29

4实验结论与分析 31

致谢 32

参考文献 33

1文献综述

1.1纳滤膜综述

1.1.1纳滤膜材料

纳滤膜材料首先要具有良好的化学稳定性、热稳定性、良好的机械强度外，还需要有抗污染能力，且制备出的膜需要有良好的选择透过性和通量。按照膜材料性质可将膜分离材料分为有机聚合物膜和无机膜两大类。有机聚合物膜材料包括聚砜类、纤维素类、聚酰胺类、聚哌嗪酰胺类等；无机膜材料主要包括陶瓷、金属氧化物、玻璃等。目前，有机聚合物膜材料是国内外研究者的研究热点^【1】。

1. 聚砜类：