摘 要

木塑复合材料是以木材或植物纤维以及各种木质纤维素纤维材料为基本体 , 通过与塑料以不同复合途径形成的一种新型材料。由于该种材料综合了木材与塑料的性能特点,因而具有非常广泛的用途。本文主要介绍了聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯等制备的木塑复合材料界面改性的研究进展，本论文从对植物纤维的不同预处理以及不同预处理对木塑复合材料的力学性能的影响来研究当前的木塑复合材料改性之后的技术拓展，并且阐述了界面改性对木塑复合材料性能的影响,并对木塑复合材料的应用前景进行了展望。

本实验是通过加入不同比例的相容剂PE-g-MAH和钛酸酯偶联剂来研究其对聚乙烯木塑复合材料性能影响，得到如下结论：

(1)相容剂的加入会使木塑复合材料的界面相容性增强，每增加1份量的马来酸酐冲击强度平均增加8Mpa，拉伸强度增加4Mpa，弯曲强度增加5Mpa，复合材料的力学性能提高；

(2)偶联剂的加入会使木塑复合材料的冲击强度、拉伸强度和弯曲强度先上升再下降，当加入的偶联剂为3份时，强度最大，当偶联剂含量继续增加，强度逐渐降低；

(3)偶联剂的加入会使木塑复合材料的表面接触角增大，材料的疏水性加大，每增加3份的钛酸酯偶联剂，接触角平均值平均增大10度，液体很难湿润该试样表面。

关键词：木塑复合材料；界面改性；木纤维；改性剂； 钛酸酯偶联剂； PE-g-MAH

Study on the application of the compatibilizer PE-g-MAH in the interfacial modification of the wood plastic composite

ABSTRACT

The wood plastic composite (WPC) material is a kind of new material, which is based on wood or plant fiber and a variety of lignocellulosic fiber materials. It is formed by different composite-ways with plastics. Because this kind of material synthesizes the performance characteristics of wood and plastics. Thus, it can be used in a very widely range. This article mainly introduces the preparation of the research progress of wood plastic composite material surface modification, which can be used by polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), and so on. I did the research of the current wood plastic composite after the development of modification technology by using the different pretreatments of plant fiber and different pretreatment effect on the mechanical properties of wood plastic composite materials. Then I expound the surface modification effect on the properties of wood plastic composite, and do the prospect on the application prospect of wood plastic composites.

In this article, the effects of different proportions of compatibilizer ethylene maleic anhydride co-polymer (PE-g-MAH) and titanite coupling agent on the properties of polyethylene wood plastic composites were studied.

(1) The addition of compatibilizer can enhance the interfacial compatibility of WPC and improve its mechanical properties. The impact strength increased by 8Mpa on average, the tensile strength increased by 4Mpa, and the bending strength increased by 5Mpa for every 1 dose of maleic anhydride compatibilizer when the coupling agent was quantified;

(2) The impact strength, tensile strength and bending strength of WPC would increase first and then decrease with the addition of coupling agent. When the addition of coupling agent was 3 parts, the strength was the maximum. When the content of coupling agent continued to increase, the strength gradually decreased;

(3) The surface contact angle of WPC increases with the increase of coupling agent—the increase of hydrophobicity of WPC. For every 3 parts of titanate coupling agent added, the average contact Angle increased by 10 degrees on average, and it was difficult for liquid to wet the surface of the sample.

Keywords：Wood plastic composite, Interface modification, Wood fiber, modifier, titanite coupling agent, PE-g-MAH

目 录

1 绪论 1

1.1 木塑复合材料概述 1

1.2 国内外同类研究概况 2

1.2.1 国内外发展状况 2

1.2.2 木塑复合材料界面改性的研究进展 2

2 相容剂PE-g-MAH在木塑改性界面中的应用研究 6

2.1 实验材料 6

2.1.1 材料和试剂 6

2.1.2 主要仪器 6

2.2 实验步骤 6

2.2.1 木粉的预处理 7

2.2.2 木塑复合材料的挤出造粒 7

2.2.3 木塑复合材料的注塑成型 7

2.3 木塑复合材料的性能测试 8

2.3.1 冲击强度性能测试 8

2.3.2 拉伸强度性能测试 9

2.3.3 弯曲强度性能测试 9

2.3.4 接触角的测试 10

2.4 结果与讨论 10

2.4.1 不同含量的相容剂PE-g-MAH对木塑复合材料力学性能的影响 10

2.4.2 不同含量的碳酸酯偶联剂对木塑复合材料力学性能的影响 13

3 结论与展望 17

3.1 结论 17

3.2 不足与展望 17

致 谢 18

参考文献 19

1 绪论

现如今我国木材和废木料利用率很低，其中接近百分之二十到三十的木粉残渣和边角余料并不能被二次利用，来自加工木材的方法和使用途径的过程中。国家经贸委出台的《再生资源回收利用“十五”规划》中提到，最近几年的统计发现，平均每一年都要有上千万吨的废纸废塑料没有被个人企业、政府单位所二次回收并且有效利用。导致资源的浪费和产生的污染对环境极大的不利。所以对废旧木材或者塑料的回收利用成为当下工业和科学界重点关注的问题。目前对废旧塑料或纤维的处理依然是采用焚烧或者掩埋等物理处理的方法，其产生的各种污染气体对地球有各种污染，如温室效应等，因此木材加工厂和各大木材公司也都在努力寻求有效方法将其转化或者处理成为高附加值高利用率低消耗的新产品的有效方法。塑料和各种废旧木材的回收再利用也是塑料、木材等工业和轻工业技术重点开发的方向之一，塑料能否有效回收利用已成为塑料加工业选材的重要依据之一^［1］。在这种情况下，改性木塑复合材料的研究与应用应运而生。

1.1 木塑复合材料概述