摘 要

21世纪以来，由于石油资源匮乏以及石油基塑料引发的环境污染问题，环境友好型生物降解塑料的研发成为人们关注的焦点，而源于天然可再生资源的淀粉塑料是其中的重要一类。热塑性淀粉塑料是可生物降解的环保材料,原料廉价易得,性能优异,是未来石油基塑料的良好替代品。本文主要介绍了热塑性淀粉塑料的定义，分类特点及国内外研究现状等，进一步提出了对热塑性淀粉塑料未来发展前景的期望。

本文利用溶解法将桉叶油与淀粉和甘油进行混合，桉叶油取占淀粉总量的1%，3%，5%，7%，9%这五组数据，先是利用双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒，再用注塑机注塑样条，对这五组样条分别进行拉伸，弯曲，冲击，红外，表面接触角，吸水率等表征测试，从而确定桉叶油对热塑性淀粉塑料改性的性能影响。结果表明，桉叶油含量在7%的时候，其对热塑性淀粉塑料的改性效果综合最好，相比较TPS而言，拉伸强度，弯曲强度，冲击强度均有所提高，分别达到了2.452MPa，1.14MPa，294.03KJ/m²，同样的，7%时材料的耐水性也有很大改善，表面接触角为60.79^。（TPS为41.3^。），吸水率也下降的明显。当桉叶油含量在3%时，其断裂伸长率相比其他四组达到最大为209%。

关键词：热塑性淀粉塑料； 桉叶油； 改性

Study on Eucalyptus Leaf Oil Modified Starch Plastics

Abstract

Since the 21st century, due to the shortage of petroleum resources and environmental pollution caused by petroleum-based plastics, the research and development of environmentally friendly biodegradable plastics has become the focus of attention, and starch plastics derived from natural renewable resources are one of the important categories. Thermoplastic starch plastics are biodegradable and environmentally friendly materials with cheap raw materials and excellent properties. They are good substitutes for petroleum-based plastics in the future. This paper mainly introduces the definition, classification characteristics and research status of thermoplastic starch plastics at home and abroad, and further puts forward the expectation of the future development prospects of thermoplastic starch plastics.

Eucalyptus oil was mixed with starch and glycerol by dissolution method. Eucalyptus oil accounted for 1%, 3%, 5%, 7% and 9% of the total starch. Firstly, the twin screw extruder was used to extrude granulation, and then the injection splines were used to characterize the five groups of splines by stretching, bending, impact, infrared, surface contact angle and water absorption, so as to determine the heat transfer of Eucalyptus oil. Effects of modification of plastic starch plastics on properties. The results showed that when Eucalyptus oil content was 7%, the modification effect of Eucalyptus oil on thermoplastic starch plastics was the best. Compared with TPS, the tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength were improved to 2.452 MPa, 1.14 MPa and 294.03KJ/m2, respectively. Similarly, the water resistance of the material was also greatly improved at 7%, and the contact angle of the surface was 60.79. (TPS is 41.3.) Water absorption also decreased significantly. When Eucalyptus oil content was 3%, its breaking elongation reached the maximum of 209% compared with the other four groups.

Key words: thermoplastic starch plastics; Eucalyptus oil; modification

目录

1.文献综述 1

1.1热塑性淀粉塑料的定义 1

1.2淀粉塑料的分类 1

1.2.1填充型淀粉塑料 1

1.2.2共混型淀粉塑料 1

1.2.3光-生物双降解淀粉塑料 1

1.2.4全淀粉塑料 2

1.3淀粉塑料存在的缺陷 2

1.3.1耐水性不足 2

1.3.2降解速率不可控 2

1.4国内外发展现状 2

1.4.1国外发展现状 2

1.4.2国内发展现状 3

1.5未来的发展前景 4

1.6桉叶油的基本概述 4

1.7本论文研究的目的和意义 5

1.7.1研究目的 5

1.7.2研究意义 5

2. 实验部分 7

2.1实验材料 7

2.2实验设备 7

2.3实验方案 7

2.4实验工艺流程 8

2.5测试方法 9

2.5.1拉伸测试 9

2.5.2弯曲测试 9

2.5.3冲击测试 9

2.5.4红外光谱测试 10

2.5.5耐水性能测试 10

3. 结果与讨论 11

3.1拉伸测试结果分析 11

3.2弯曲测试结果分析 12

3.3冲击测试结果分析 13

3.4红外光谱测试结果分析 14

3.5耐水性能测试结果分析 15

3.5.1接触角测试分析 15

3.5.2吸水率测试分析 16

结论 17

致谢 18

参考文献 19

1 文献综述

1.1热塑性淀粉塑料的定义

热塑性淀粉塑料是在增塑剂，高温，剪切力的作用下，破坏天然淀粉的结晶结构，使之成为无定型的淀粉分子结构，具有热塑加工性能，是一种淀粉含量较高的全淀粉型塑料。

淀粉的分子式：

1.2淀粉塑料的分类